Unlike ordinary used oil analysis tests that report physical and chemical properties such as viscosity, acid number, flash point, elemental analysis and contamination, performance tests work by challenging a lubricant in some way similar to the actual machine work environment. Material safety data sheet micro lub lubricant oil note. A disadvantage of mineral oil is its poor biodegradability which may cause environmental pollution. Converting to synthetic motor oil, breakin and the myth of synthetic motor oils and seal leaks. It ensures the adherence to the bearings and spread over the surface. Using lubricants helps to reduce this friction, allowing more work to be done for the same amount of energy input, lowering the temperatures of the materials in contact, and greatly extending the lifespan of the moving equipment. This msds was prepared in accordance with the requirements of the osha hazard communication standard 29 cfr 1910.
Since lubricating oil is a product influenced in its quality by a variety of stresses, monitoring of the oil quality, adequate oil maintenance, as well as its timely replacement if needed partially or totally must be ensured. The light fuel oil can be used as fuel source for heating. Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by crossref and updated daily. Pdf twelve terpolymeric additives were prepared via free radical chain addition polymerization.
Lube oil blending plant petrof refining technologies. Thermophysical properties of selected oil samples as. Previously it was the second most widely produced edible oil after soya bean oil, 28 million metric tons were produced worldwide in 2004 1. Lubrication properties of biooil and its emulsions with diesel oil article pdf available in energies 512 december 2012 with 71 reads how we measure reads. If the oil has to be in the system it is of great importance that the lubrication issues are taken care of early. A study of enhancement of the properties of lubricant oil. Lube oil properties to be considered for marine lube oil. Use of antiwear additives results in longer machine life due to higher wear and score resistance of the. Oil and grease additives lubricants are a combination of the base oil and the additives and the specific combination depends on the properties of both. General properties of a lubricating oil phoenix lubricants.
Changes with temperature, decreasing temperature increases viscosity. Oil analysis testing and 68,611 miles without an oil change. A first density of the sample is determined from a sample mass flow meter so that a first kinematics viscosity can then be determined using the first sample. Comparison between naphthenic and paraffinic base oils. The differences between 0w30, 5w30 and 10w30 motor oils. Cleaning properties aside from being able to lubricate parts and machinery, kerosene is also a cleaning agent that evaporates after use this means that there is no leftover. What different oil analysis test will detect oil analysis important tables oil analysis test caution critical shell limits cleanliness iso 1411 iso 16 no data dryness 200 600 no data tan 0. Physical properties of lubricants valvoline technical services page 1 following are the important properties of a lubricant. Studies on reuse of rerefined used automotive lubricating oil. Flowsheet optimization of a lubricant base oil 319 separated from hydrogen in a highpressure separator. It has been a few years since the publication of the first edition of spectro scientifics inservice oil analysis handbook. Lubricants and lubrication from the well to the applications. Experimental and theoretical investigations of lube oil tennessee. The resultant pressure rise is compared with a chart.
Properties such as viscocity, thermal stability, heat transfer characteristics, ash content etc all have much more of an effect. Pdf lubrication properties of biooil and its emulsions. Engine oil formulations have the correct characteristics e. The aim of this study is to make enhancements on the lubricant oil properties because of its importance in the industry, many methods can enhance the lubricant oil, in this study additive was used at different temperatures to observe effects on the properties of lubricating oil. While selecting a hydraulic fluid one has to be aware of hydraulic fluid properties and its effect on hydraulic system. Lube oil is a one of the essential elements for operating any kind of machinery on board ship. Composition of natural oils and structural modifications. Pdf synthetic additives in lube oil categories based on viscosity. Bloch, claire soares, in turboexpanders and process applications, 2001.
Pdf additives chemicals are used with base oil to impart desirable characteristics of lubricating oil. Lubrication properties technology transfer services. Five essential lube oil properties not routinely reported by. Multipurpose engine oil additive heavy duty engine oil additive multi grade pcmo additive 4t engine oil additive engine oil additive dl package gear oil additive hydraulic brake fluid antifreeze coolant automatic transmission fluid additive package pour point depressant viscosity index improver ocp pellet form. Physical properties of oil viscosity the viscosity of an oil is a measure of the oils resistance to shear.
The same valve also provides overpressure protection. A study of enhancement of the properties of lubricant oil ahmed n. Lubricant properties whenever an object moves against another object, friction will be present, turning kinetic energy into heat and causing equipment to wear. Vegetable oils are promising candidates as base fluid for eco friendly lubricants because of their excellent lubricity, biodegradability, viscosity.
It is measured at specific temperature by hydrometer or automatic density meter. Three types of stocks were used from aldoura oil refineryiraq, 40, 60,150. The only difference is that the winter grade is defined by the temperature at which the oil reaches the viscosity of 150,000 cpl. Lube oil is responsible for lubrication and cooling of the parts which are operating relative to each other, giving rise to frictional and other types of stresses on the machinery. In lieu of an abstract, this is the articles first page. Optical properties of the particles also referred to as analytical ferrography 34 rbotrbot zrotating bomb oxidation test zused to determine the oils oxidation stability andor remaining useful life. Lastly engine oil is probably the last place i would expect a mems sensor to be effective in the real world. Also, the selection of the type and grade of lubricant to be used should be based on the relevant engine. Oil with viscosity index 0gulf coastb oil l oil with viscosity index 100penssylvanian oil h v. Density is a state function and for a pure compound depends on both temperature and pressure and is shown by liquid.
Used mineralbased crankcase oil is a complex mixture of low and high c. The remainder is a package of additives that confers properties essential to protecting the. Antiwear additives prevent direct metaltometal contact between the machine parts when the oil film is broken down. A lubricant is a substance, usually organic, introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Group ii base oil has superior antioxidation properties since virtually all hydrocarbon molecules are saturated. Lauric linoleic myristic oleic palmitic ricinoleic stearic iodine properties. Long chain hydrocarbons succinimides, such as polyisobutylene succinimides are used as dispersants in lubricants. The information contained in this msds is, to the best of our knowledge, believed to be accurate. Evaluation of the lubricating properties of palm oil. Electrical properties of standard lubrication oil sae. The recycle compressor pumps the recycle gas obtained at the top of the scrubber. The properties of lubricating oils part 1 lube talk.
Viscosity is more commonly known as resistance to flow. Mar 27, 2012 physicochemical properties of a mineralbased gasoline engine oil have been monitored at 0, 500, 2000, 3500, 6000, 8500, and 11500 kilometer of operation. Analyze the contents of a quart of motor oil and you will discover that approximately 75%85% of its volume consists of base oil. Generally the hydraulic fluids have many properties and some of the important properties are explained in detail below. The socalled chemical elementary analysis shows that generally fuel oils consist of about 85 to 90% of carbon, to 8% of hydrogen and a small percentage of sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen, but two fuel oils of the same elementary analysis may behave in quite a different manner in burning practice, so that this chemical analysis is really of very little value. Thus, lubri cant additives are specific components which are added to base oil for the purpose of protecting or enhancing the base oil, cleaning and protecting internal system components or neutralizing internal contaminants. Oil analysis involves sampling and analyzing oil for various properties and materials to monitor wear and contamination in an engine, transmission, or hydraulic system. The viscosity of oil should not change with rise in temperature. Mohammed chemical and petrochemical engineering department, university of anbar, iraq. The key to this is the kerosenes oil base this protects the cutter blades from corrosion and softens the glass surface, preventing unnecessary and unwanted chipping. A lube oil system will be required unless, of course, the turboexpander is supplied with active magnetic bearings. Sampling and analyzing on a regular basis establish a baseline of normal wear and can help indicate when abnormal wear or contamination is occurring. A good lubricating oil generally possess the following characteristics.
The thickeners, however, will affect the temperature and water resistant properties of a grease and. Gauging fuel economy improvements with synthetic oil. The lubricating oil vapor is condensed and sent for next stage. Thermophysical properties of selected oil samples as predictor of marine engines life span. The oil at the bottom of the highpressure separator is expanded in. An assessment of hazelnut variety on oil content and. In the other stations, this pump has its own regulator. Oil analysis tables rsa reliability and maintenance.
Without the use of lube oil, we cannot imagine any machinery operation on ship. Pdf the rheological properties of lube oil with terpolymeric. Consequently, the research has evolved in the field of synthetic esters used as lubricants, exploiting renewable resources for the production of fatty acids. Good lubricant oil should have a high viscosity index.
Thermophysical properties of selected oil samples as predictor of marine engines life span 1evans, u. The aim of this study is to make enhancements on the lubricant oil properties because of its importance in the. The oils and additives are essentially the same products used throughout the industry and previous discussions apply to the oil fraction of a grease as to oils in general. Rf global holdings llc its principals, members, officers and directors collectively referred to as rf global are neither registered investment advisors, broker. Agrinol sae 10w40 ci4semisynthetic is a universal motor oil, low saps. Advanced control of insitu properties and composition enginecomponent lubricationfriction analysis and design 1. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products 1 density, specific gravity, and api gravity density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. If the amount of recoverable oil from solvent extraction of the mash is large, lower grade hazelnut oil can be sold in the market place3. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Pour point is the lowest temperature, at which the oil may flow.
The usage of oil free compressors solves many of the problems that lubricants consisting of a mixture of oil and refrigerant cause. The foreign particles are sludge and varnish, dirt, products of oxidation, water etc. Density density is fundamental physical property of oil. The conventional lube oil system consists of a reservoir, electric cartridge or steam coil heater, lube oil pumps, one and preferably two switchable lube oil coolers. Once the cold oils are extracted from the nut, the remaining mash must be utilized to produce the highest profits. Physical properties of lubricants valvolinecummins. Our original goal was to compile a comprehensive reference book of common inservice oil analysis techniques to help readers understand and choose the right technique and. Obviously some of these will have an effect on density, but the density itself is not a critical property of a lubricating oil. Monitoring of the physical and chemical properties of a. Five essential lube oil properties not routinely reported. Oils that operate over a wide temperature range need vi. It is red in color due to the presence of beta carotene in it.
This property makes oil smooth and very important in boundary lubrication. Approval issue course 234 turbine and auxiliaries module 10 stressed that these consequences. Oct, 2015 a good lubricating oil generally possess the following characteristics. Formerly, the unit commonly used in america was saybolt universal second ssu, measured at 100f or 210f. Hydraulic fluid properties and its influence on system. Density is expressed as mass occupied in a unit volume. The key to this is the kerosenes oilbase this protects the cutter blades from corrosion and softens the glass surface, preventing unnecessary and unwanted chipping. Artificial oil aging experiments have shown that barium sulfonate can be blended into engine oil in rather high concentration up to 5a % without significantly changing the oil properties that affect oil consumption. Mnl59 astm international 100 barr harbor drive po box c700 west conshohocken, pa 194282959 printed in the u. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products. Turbine oils need good demulsibility while wheel bearing greases need emulsibility.
In this first part of a twopart introductory primer on industrial lubricants, we take a closer look at the need for lubrication and the key properties of. Sae classification of transmission oils is very similar to that of engine oils. The gas generated is sent to a water scrubber for hydrocarbon, h 2s and nh 3 retention. This is the maximum oil viscosity chapter 2 physical properties of lubricants 37 which can be used without causing damage to gears. High viscosity implies a high resistance to flow while a low viscosity indicates a low resistance to flow.
1406 114 1404 375 1498 103 967 864 854 64 1521 1478 1364 686 268 377 1002 127 145 808 1381 1316 831 408 646 441 620 820 390 483 1346